PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.